Electrophoresis Have Very Important Role In The Analysis Of DNA Fragments

 

Electrophoresis

Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates charged molecules (usually DNA, RNA, and proteins) by exposing them to an electric current. The molecules move toward the positive end of the gel because they have a negative charge and pull against the opposite charge on the other side.

In all types of process, a power supply is used to provide the electricity that propels the separation process. A sample tank is used to hold the separated sample and a buffer solution is used to keep the samples stable.

The type of technique of Electrophoresis a lab uses depends on the size of the ions or molecules to be separated. Smaller ions and molecules are more easily moved through a fluid or gel than large ones. This is due to a number of factors, including temperature, particle size, and other forces.

Gel Electrophoresis - The most common form of this technique is done with agarose gels. Agarose is a gelatinous substance that is extracted from seaweed, and it has a porous structure that can separate macromolecules of many different sizes.

A gel is placed in a container and submerged in a salt buffer solution. The gel is surrounded by two electrodes at either end of the tank. In gel electrophoresis, the concentration of agarose is also controlled to determine the pore size in the matrix and this affects the mobility of the molecule. Generally, smaller fragments of DNA will be separated at higher concentrations of agarose and larger fragments of DNA will be separated at lower concentrations.

Proteins are normally mixed with a detergent like sodium dodecyl sulfate which helps to equalize the surface charge of proteins, and this increases their ability to be separated in gel electrophoresis. It is not necessary for nucleic acids to be coated with a detergent since their surface charge is not affected.

Isotachophoresis - Isotachophoresis is another method that uses an electric field to separate ions and molecules by their mobility. In Isotachophoresis, the ions migrate at an equal rate, which helps to determine molecular weight.

 

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