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An estimated 86,000 people in Germany are living with HIV – around 20% live in Berlin. Use of older antiretroviral drugs (ART) in people suffering from HIV may lead to lipodystrophy. These drugs include, stavudine (d4T, Zerit), zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), didanosine (ddI, Videx) and indinavir (Crixivan). In AIDS patients, the body's lymphatic system cannot produce sufficient quantities of the fat-producing hormone leptin, which normally controls energy intake and energy expenditure. The first documented cases of this condition were revealed among HIV-infected individuals taking ART. Since then, numerous studies have provided evidence that people with HIV experience an increased risk of contracting lipodystrophy, particularly through inherited fat accumulation within the context of a compromised immune response. It has been hypothesized that this fat accumulation results in a decreased ability of the liver to respond to insulin, thereby contributing to the progression of HIV. The...

  The companion diagnostics is an important diagnostic test utilized in a drug to ascertain its effectiveness to a particular individual suffering from debilitating illnesses like cancer, AIDS, and HIV to mention only a few. The test assists physicians in determining whether a particular drug is suitable for the individual or not and also helps them in prescribing a proper dosage of a drug to the patient. The results of the test are given in an instant by a trained physician attached to a clinic or hospital so that the individual can make informed decisions regarding his drug therapy. The results are highly valuable to physicians as they are able to interpret them in accordance with their existing knowledge and experience. One such drug development process that uses the application of Companion Diagnostics in conjunction with biochemistry assays is the Human UTI Clinical trial which aims to identify the usefulness of a specific antibiotic in the treatment of patients suffering fro...