Vascular Grafts Have Several Applications Such As Bypass Grafting For Cardiovascular Diseases And Coronary Artery Diseases

 

Vascular Grafts

Vascular Grafts are artificial devices used in surgery to restore blood flow in the body. They are designed to replace damaged or infected blood vessels. These devices can be taken from the patient or manufactured from natural or synthetic materials. The grafts should be biocompatible and should allow selective attachment of cells to them.

Vascular Grafts should also be endothelialzed and should inhibit thrombi formation. However, graft surfaces should not be too porous and should not be susceptible to bridging with contaminants. Some grafts are doped with polymers or cyanoacrylate resins. This is to enhance the mechanical performance of the graft. A graft is made up of a matrix, usually nonbiomimetic, and an endothelialization material that is diffused within it.

Endothelialization of a graft can take place by coating the matrix surface with an endothelialization material, or by introducing the endothelialization material into the graft matrix. A graft can be created through a variety of methods including seeding, electrospraying, and co-spinning. If the graft is not co-spun, it will result in a heterogeneous graft that will have poor biological efficiency and will not have the desired mechanical properties.

Another way to improve the mechanical properties of a Vascular Grafts is to add extra coating layers to the graft's surface. Coatings are commonly prepared by dip-coating technique. Additional UV treatment can improve the topography of the graft's surface and may also be required if additional networking is needed.

Along with improving structural designs, a new manufacturing method is now being investigated. Specifically, bi-layer grafts have shown promise for their mechanical performance. This structure is composed of PCL/silica fibres aligned in a geometric pattern to provide a rigid, angular graft. Bi-layer grafts can vary in material, geometry, and orientation. Increasing the number of fabric layers is believed to reduce porosity, as well.

Bi-layer grafts are manufactured using different techniques to achieve the mechanical properties that suit specific applications. This type of graft has been shown to be more suitable for mechanical performance than scaffold-based grafts.

The woven-based grafts are considered to be less porous than the knitted-based grafts. Textile-based grafts have been found to provide superior mechanical properties and compliance when compared to scaffold-based grafts. Scaffold-based grafts are a popular option for vascular grafts, as they have not been shown to provide the same level of elasticity and stiffness as textile-based grafts.

US-based medical device company LeMaitre Vascular acquired Artegraft in June 2020, for $90 million. This acquisition will expand their product portfolio and the company will be able to serve customers better with new innovative products.

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