Microfluidics; a Form of Laboratory Technology That Enables Researchers to Work with a Reduced Sample Size at Lower Cost

 

Microfluidics

Microfluidics involves the manipulation of fluids at the microscale. It is a form of laboratory technology that enables scientists to work with a reduced sample size and at lower cost. As a result, scientists can conduct experiments with a higher degree of confidence and a reduced limit of detection. For example, when conducting a study, a scientist can perform a high throughput cell culture with a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip. This form of technology can be used to study single cell behavior, intercellular communication, and cell locomotion. These results are comparable to macroscopic culture assays.

When working with a Microfluidics lab-on-a-chip, a scientist must consider several factors in order to make effective use of the system. One of the main considerations is the type of material used for the chip. Many devices are made of polymer, such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). The material can be transparent and easy to bond to glass. Moreover, it is highly permeable to gases. Another consideration is the relative pressure in the chip. If the chips are made of PDMS, a relative pressure of about two Bars should be maintained. However, if the chips are made of thermoplastic, the relative pressure may be increased by as much as 10 Bars.

For the same reason, it is important to design the Microfluidics channels with a constant depth. Changing the depth should be done in a step-wise manner. A change in depth can affect the gas exchange and the turbulence of the fluid.

Microfluidics devices also allow for rapid drug changes. The device can be used for sorting, mixing, and pumping. Also, it can be used to monitor a variety of biochemical environments. They have a dual channel configuration, which reduces the variation in experimental results. Microfluidic devices can be made of several materials, including PDMS, glass, and silicon. Each of these materials is able to be shaped, which means it can be fabricated into various shapes. Some of these microfluidic components are molded, while others are manufactured with a DRIE process. In November 2022, LumiraDx announced the launch of Rapid Microfluidic Immunoassay C-Reactive Protein Test for helping combat Antimicrobial Resistance in India.

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