Endocrine Therapy Drugs (ETDs); Used to Treat Cancer That Use Hormones to Grow, Such as Breast and Prostate Cancer

 

Endocrine Therapy Drugs (ETDs)

Endocrine Therapy Drugs (ETDs) are used to add, block, or remove hormones or chemicals to treat a variety of diseases such as breast cancer, diabetes, and more. Endocrine therapy, also known as hormone therapy, is used to treat cancer that use hormones to grow, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. Endocrine Therapy Drugs (ETDs) are often used to treat cancer that slows or stops the growth of cancer that uses hormones to grow. Treating cancer with hormones is called hormone therapy, hormonal therapy, or endocrine therapy.

Among the various treatment options for breast cancer, Endocrine Therapy (or hormone therapy) is one of the most effective forms of targeted adjuvant therapy for hormone-responsive patients. It involves removing or blocking the hormones (chemical messengers) that stimulate tumor growth. The goal of treatment is to prevent recurrence. The current standard of care is surgery, which is usually followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Increasing research has investigated the underlying mechanism of endocrine resistance.

In particular, several studies have been conducted on modulating apoptosis machinery to overcome endocrine resistance. There are several different type of hormone therapy drugs. Endocrine Therapy Drugs (ETDs), such as aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, and estrogen receptor antagonists are used to treat breast cancer. While, CYP17 inhibitors, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and antagonists, and anti-androgens are used to treat prostate cancer.

In October 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved abemaciclib with endocrine therapy for early breast cancer. Moreover, in August 2022, FDA approved Enhertu, an IV infusion for the treatment of patients with unresectable (unable to be removed) or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer. This is the first approved therapy targeted to patients with HER2-low breast cancer subtype, which is a newly defined subset of HER2-negative breast cancer. 

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