Tuberculosis Vaccine; Intended for the Prevention against Tuberculosis (Tb) Infection

 

Tuberculosis Vaccine

Tuberculosis Vaccine, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, is used for tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is spread through person to person contact. The bacteria spread when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs and might lead to the death. Two types of TB are commonly observed, such as latent TB and active TB. In latent TB, the infected person does not show symptoms, while in active TB, infected person shows clinical symptoms.

Clinical symptoms of TB include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, hemoptysis, weight loss, cough, night sweats, and fever. Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with the help of interferon-gamma release assays, polymerase chain reaction tests, or skin tests. Tuberculosis is highly endemic in Mexico, especially among the native Indian populations in southern Mexico and Baja California. Mexico is on the top five countries with the highest number of TB cases in America continent. Thus, there is an increase in demand for tuberculosis vaccine in Mexico.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the most widely administered vaccines across the globe. It is often given to infants and small children in countries where TB is common. Children aged between 1 and 16 years who should have the BCG vaccine. BCG vaccination is recommended for all older children and adults at risk of TB. BCG vaccination is also recommended for people aged 16 years to 35 years who are at occupational risk of Tuberculosis exposure, such as healthcare or laboratory workers who have direct contact with TB patient or with clinical samples and materials.

Tuberculosis Vaccine, such as BCG, triggers the immune system to protect against the infection. It provides consistent protection against the most severe forms of TB. BCG is only licensed vaccine for prevention of tuberculosis (TB) disease, and has been recommended at birth in countries with a high tuberculosis burden for decades.

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