Animal Genetics; a Branch That Deals With the Study of Inheritance and Gene Variation in Animals

 

Animal Genetics

Animal Genetics is a branch of Genetics that studies heredity & variation chiefly in farm animals but also in domestic and wild animals. Animal Genetics studies how & what traits are inherited. Genetics is the study of genes and their effects in living organisms. The information provides a biological blueprint for its appearance, function, and survival and defines its similarities and differences with other organisms. Animal geneticists analyze a genetic makeup of animals in order to discover which genes cause them to behave certain ways. It is based on the general genetic principles and concepts and it mainly uses hybrid, ontogenetic, population, cytological, mathematical-statistical, and twin methods of general Genetics.

Animal Genetics & breeding is the field of study that includes all aspects of livestock genomics and breeding for better production of farm animals as well as the products from these animals (milk and milk products, meat, fiber, and eggs). Genetic variations in animals are studied in order to improve their performance and productivity. In animals, researchers look for a single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify the genetic merit of an individual. The genetic merit of an individual animal can be estimated by studying these genetic variations in its progeny, and this information can be used to improve livestock production. The study of Genetics in animals is important for both practical and theoretical reasons.

It can be used for population improvement, conservation, and disease research. The study of hereditary material is essential in determining the inheritance of several morphological and physiological traits. Animal Genetics is essential in determining how the traits of animals are inherited. The development of new technologies will help make informed decisions about the health and production of animals. It will also help reduce environmental footprint. Currently, animal Genetics companies are focusing on developing new tools/practices to improve animal productivity. Although there are a variety of animal Genetics methods, these methods largely depend on the type of animal population being studied.

For example, the breeds of farm animals are studied using the population method, which uses frequency of occurrence of specific genes as parameters. Using this approach, the coefficient of hereditability can be calculated, which is the ratio of the hereditary variation in individual genes to the total phenotypic variation. It is a part of biotechnology, which involves study of genetic variations, genes, and heredity into animals. It studies gene variants, gene expression, traits, and reproduction. It includes genetic engineering, which is a technique of manipulating genes (adding or deleting genes) resulting into different combinations. It is also used for genetic disease testing, genetic trait testing, or for DNA testing in animals.

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