Antifreeze Proteins Are Biochemically Diverse Proteins That Have Antifreeze Effects In Ice Crystals Are Found In Several Organisms

 

Antifreeze Proteins

Antifreeze Proteins are structurally diverse, biochemically diverse Proteins that are found in a variety of organisms. They are known to have antifreeze effects in ice crystals. These Proteins have been identified in plants, insects, fungi, and fish. They can help extend the growing season of crops and even protect fish during freeze damage.

Antifreeze Proteins bind ice crystals and block their surface, preventing their growth. Snow flea antifreeze protein (2pne) is an example of such a protein. The ice-binding surface of the protein is covered with water molecules that are spaced similarly to those in ice crystals. Along with this, antifreeze Proteins may have evolved via horizontal gene transfer. For more information, visit the Wikipedia entry on antifreeze Proteins.

Antifreeze Proteins are mainly produced in cold temperatures by various organisms. Generally, these Proteins are classified into five classes and types according to their sources and structural features. Arctic and Antarctic organisms have different types and structural features. However, they all have one thing in common: they slow the growth and recrystallization of ice. For this reason, AFPs are essential for survival in extreme environments. It is worth noting that the production of these Proteins is linked to global warming, so that the planet can stay warm.

Despite their similarity in appearance, Notothenioids have evolved their own versions of antifreeze Proteins. Notothenioids are considered to be the most abundant fish in Antarctica and constitute 95 percent of the biomass of the region. In contrast, tropical and temperate regions are home to much higher fish diversity. Furthermore, despite their cold climate, these fish species have abundant diversity in their distribution.

The mechanism by which bacterial INPs induce ice formation may provide insights into the harmful bio-crystals that exist in the environment. Antifreeze Proteins may even be useful as deicing agents. Researchers have successfully cloned the genes of two types of antifreeze Proteins from fish. The resulting microbial Proteins can be produced in large quantities through fermentation. These Proteins can be useful for the storage and processing of food. In October 2020, Global Pharmaceutical Company (Canada) and Sirona Biochem (Canada) entered into an agreement for testing revolutionary skincare dark spot remover of Sirona, TFC-1067, in a clinical investigation.

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