Electric Power Steering System Has Become a Key Technology for Highly Automated Driving

 

Electric Power Steering (EPS) System

The Electric Power Steering (EPS) system works by applying torque to steering gear of a car based on a sensor that detects steering angle and torque. The electrical control unit (ECU) monitors the vehicle’s overall speed and sends a voltage signal to the electric motor. As the electric motor delivers torque in response to the steering angle, the system is most effective when a driver is moving at low speeds. It also provides with better control of a vehicle.

The most common type of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system uses a three-phase electric motor that runs on DC voltage modulated with pulse width. This motor operates without mechanical brushes and allows for high torque application at low revolutions per minute. EPS also works with a computer to compensate for any irregularities in the steering system. The EPS warning light illuminates when the system is not working properly.

The first performance requirement for Electric Power Steering System controllers is the stability margin. This is the upper limit of EPS stability. Different external conditions influence the stability margin and the power moment ratio. For example, driving on a snowy surface will require more steering assistance than driving on a sandy surface. Other sensors are also used to determine the appropriate steering assistance level. Along with the three basic functions of the EPS system, it can also be programmed to respond to different conditions, such as braking or acceleration.

The module of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system is much more complex than a simple circuit board in a box of aluminum. The electric power steering module contains signal generators, drivers, current monitor circuit and MOSFET switches. This monitor circuit reduces the current that is being sent to the motor and avoids damage to the electric power steering system. If it malfunctions, it will produce a direct torque control (DTC) and illuminate an alarm light. Recently in October 2020, Nexteer Automotive launched high-output Electric Power Steering (EPS) to deliver advanced safety and comfort features and increased fuel efficiency for light commercial vehicles and heavy duty trucks.

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