Pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) refers to high blood pressure in the lungs (PAH).

 

pulmonary arterial hypertension 

Pulmonary hypertension is a kind of excessive blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs as well as the heart's right side. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a kind of pulmonary hypertension in which blood arteries in the lungs are constricted, obstructed, or damaged. Blood flow through the lungs is slowed, and blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises as a result of the injury. To pump blood through the lungs, the heart must work harder. The increased effort leads the heart muscle to weaken and finally fail.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension progresses slowly in some persons and might be fatal. Although certain kinds of pulmonary hypertension have no cure, therapy can assist to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. The global pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) market was valued at US$ 5,821.90 million in 2018, and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.9% over the forecast period (2019-2027).

Pulmonary hypertension signs and symptoms include:

·        Shortness of breath (dyspnea), initially while exercising and eventually while at rest

·        Fatigue

·        Dizziness or fainting spells (syncope)

·        Chest pressure or pain

·        Swelling (edema) in the ankles, legs and eventually the abdomen (ascites)

·        Bluish color to the lips and skin (cyanosis)

·        Fast pulse or pounding heartbeat (palpitations)

Causes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-

Two top chambers (atria) and two lower chambers make up a normal heart (ventricles). The lower right chamber (right ventricle) sends blood to the lungs through a big blood channel every time blood goes through the heart (pulmonary artery).

The blood in the lungs releases carbon dioxide and takes up oxygen. Blood normally travels freely via the lungs' blood vessels (pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins) to the heart's left side.

Changes in the cells that line the pulmonary arteries, on the other hand, can cause the arteries' walls to stiffen, swell, and thicken. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is caused by alterations that impede or restrict blood flow through the lungs.

For instance, in September 2018, United Therapeutics entered into a collaboration with MannKind Corporation for the development and commercialization of dry powder formulation of treprostinil. These companies also aimed to enter in a research agreement for the conduct of research by MannKind. This research was had to be performed by Mannkind on behalf of United Therapeutics for products outside the scope of the licensing and collaboration agreement.

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