Human Microbiome- All bacteria that live on or within human tissues and bio fluids

 

Human Microbiome

The human Microbiome is made up of the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that each person carries about with them, predominantly bacteria in the gut; the human microbiome is made up of the genes carried by these cells. Microbiome initiatives have been developed all over the globe in order to better understand the roles of these symbionts and their effects on human health.

The description of the Human Microbiome has been hampered by terminology confusion: for example, the terms "microbiota" (microbial taxa associated with humans) and "microbiome" (a catalogue of these bacteria and their genes) are frequently interchanged. Furthermore, the word "metagenomics" was initially used to describe shotgun characterisation of whole DNA, but it is now increasingly being used to describe investigations of marker genes such the 16S rRNA gene.

Researchers were able to examine microbial communities across settings within a uniform phylogenetic context thanks to culture-independent methodologies for defining the microbiota and a molecular phylogenetic approach to organising life's variety. Despite the fact that host-associated microorganisms are most likely obtained from the environment, the mammalian microbiota, particularly in the gut, is remarkably distinct from free-living microbial communities.

According to Coherent Market Insights, The global human microbiome market is estimated to be valued at US$ 91,075.4 Mn in 2021 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 18.9% over the forecast period (2021-2028). New findings, on the other hand, are causing us to rethink key concepts in the definition of the human microbiome, such as the stability of an individual's microbiome, the definition of the OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) that make up the microbiota, and whether a person has one or many microbiomes. In this assessment, we look at how far we've come in describing the human microbiome in various areas.

Indeed, an examination of bacterial diversity in free-living communities in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater settings, as well as groups associated with animals, reveals that the vertebrate gut is an exception. Bacterial communities from normally harsh conditions, such as acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents, on the other hand, are similar to populations from a variety of different habitats.

This shows that over hundreds of millions of years, coevolution between vertebrates and their microbial consortia has chosen for a particular community of microorganisms that survive in the gut's warm, eutrophic, and stable environment. Bacteria make up the majority of the biomass and diversity in the human gut and in human-associated ecosystems, while archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses are all present in lower numbers and should not be overlooked.

New findings about Human Microbiome- https://bit.ly/3xpVr9D